he higher-level architecture of an SAP system typically involves several layers, each serving specific functions and interacting to provide the overall functionality of the system. Here’s an overview of the key components:
1. Presentation Layer: This is the topmost layer, where users interact with the SAP system. It includes the graphical user interface (GUI) provided by SAP applications such as SAP GUI or SAP Fiori. Users access the system through various devices like desktop computers, tablets, or mobile phones.
2. Application Layer: The application layer is where the business logic of the SAP system resides. It handles the processing of business transactions, workflow management, data validation, and other core functionalities. SAP NetWeaver Application Server (AS) is a key component of this layer, providing a runtime environment for SAP applications.
3. Database Layer: This layer comprises one or more database servers where the actual data used by the SAP system is stored. SAP systems typically support various database platforms such as SAP HANA, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, or IBM Db2. The database layer stores both transactional and master data used by SAP applications.
4. Integration Layer: The integration layer facilitates communication between the SAP and other external systems or applications. It includes components like SAP Process Integration (PI)/ SAP Process Orchestration (PO), SAP Cloud Platform Integration, or SAP Data Services. These components handle data exchange, message routing, and transformation between SAP and non-SAP systems.
5. Infrastructure Layer: This layer consists of the underlying hardware and system software required to support the SAP landscape. It includes servers, storage devices, network infrastructure, operating systems, and virtualization platforms. The infrastructure layer provides the necessary computing resources to host and run SAP applications.
6. Security Layer: Security is a critical aspect of the SAP landscape. This layer encompasses various security mechanisms and controls to protect the system against unauthorized access, data breaches, and other security threats. It includes user authentication, authorization, encryption, secure communication protocols, and compliance with industry standards and regulations.
7. Monitoring and Management Layer: This layer comprises tools and processes for monitoring the health, performance, and availability of the SAP system. It includes solutions like SAP Solution Manager, which provides centralized monitoring, alerting, and administration capabilities. Additionally, third-party monitoring tools may be integrated to ensure proactive management of the SAP environment.
Overall, the architecture of an SAP system is designed to be scalable, robust, and capable of meeting the complex business requirements of organizations across various industries. It provides a comprehensive framework for managing business processes, data, and resources effectively while ensuring security, reliability, and performance.